Discover the Best of Central Plains – Your Ultimate Travel Guide to Adventure and Culture

Beyond the sprawling metropolis of Bangkok, Thailand’s heartland reveals itself in the lush central plains – a vibrant patchwork of rice paddies, bustling market towns, and winding rivers that form the agricultural backbone of the nation. This fertile region, historically coveted by neighboring powers, continues to nourish Thailand both literally and culturally.

Must-Visit Central Thailand Destinations

Ayutthaya

Kanchanaburi

Phitsanulok

Sukhothai

Kanchanaburi, nestled where the Kwai Yai and Kwai Noi rivers meet, draws visitors with its famous Bridge on the River Kwai and laid-back traveler scene. From floating raft houses to elegant riverside hotels, this historic town offers diverse accommodation options. While most visitors stick to the well-trodden path along the Death Railway, adventurous souls will find Sangkhlaburi’s hilltop charm worth the extra journey.

North of Bangkok, Thailand’s ancient history comes alive in spectacular ruins preserved as historical parks. Ayutthaya, once the thriving capital for four centuries before Bangkok, showcases the pinnacle of Thai architecture from its golden age. Nearby Lopburi offers glimpses of an even earlier era when Khmer culture dominated the region, with Hindu influences evident in its remaining structures.

The northern plains hold another historical treasure at Sukhothai, where Thailand’s first independent kingdom flourished in the 13th century. The exquisite art and architecture here represent Thai culture at its finest, with nearby Si Satchanalai and Kamphaeng Phet adding more layers to this archaeological wonderland. Modern travelers appreciate Phitsanulok as a comfortable base for exploring these ancient marvels.

For those seeking contemporary experiences, the border town of Mae Sot provides a refreshing contrast to ancient history, serving as the gateway to Umphang’s rugged wilderness – increasingly popular for thrilling treks and river adventures.

Continuing north to Chiang Mai offers seamless travel connections via the Northern Rail Line, while Isaan beckons adventurers eastward by train or bus. Convenient flights also connect travelers from Sukhothai, Phitsanulok, and Mae Sot to other parts of Thailand.

Nakhon Pathom: Home to Thailand’s Largest Stupa

Just 56km west of Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom’s crowning glory literally towers above this provincial capital. The magnificent Phra Pathom Chedi dominates the skyline, offering an unforgettable sight even for travelers just passing through this otherwise unassuming city.

Nestled in the heart of Thailand, Nakhon Pathom holds the distinguished title of the nation’s oldest town and is revered as the birthplace of Buddhism in the region over two millennia ago. The name itself, derived from Pali meaning “First City,” hints at its deep historical significance. Once the flourishing capital of a Mon kingdom, it even drew the attention of King Ashoka’s missionaries from India, spreading the teachings of Buddhism. Today, the province remains a spiritual hub, home to Thailand’s holiest chedi and Phuttamonthon, the country’s most sacred Buddhist sanctuary and residence of the supreme patriarch.

A visit to Nakhon Pathom makes for an easy and rewarding day trip from Bangkok or Kanchanaburi. Alternatively, it’s an ideal half-day layover if you’re traveling westward to Kanchanaburi or southward to Hua Hin, Surat Thani, or Malaysia by train. Most of its cultural gems—except for Sanam Chan Palace and the Contemporary Thai Art Centre—are conveniently located within a short walk of the central chedi.

Samut Songkhram: A Hidden Gem

While often overlooked by foreign tourists, the charming riverside province of Samut Songkhram is a treasure waiting to be discovered. Just a stone’s throw from Bangkok, it thrives along the winding Mae Khlong River before meeting the Gulf of Thailand. Fishing remains a vital industry here, with wooden boats still crafted in riverside yards, while inland, luscious orchards yield pomelos, lychees, guavas, and coconuts. But what truly captivates visitors is its intricate canal network—lifelines that sustain a traditional way of life. From bustling floating markets in Amphawa and Tha Ka to cottage industries like palm-sugar crafting and bencharong ceramics, the province feels like a step back in time. Over a hundred historic temples, some dating back to the reign of Rama II (who was born here), dot the landscape. And let’s not forget its most famous progeny—Eng and Chang, the original “Siamese twins.”

The Scenic Train Journey to Samut Songkhram

For those who prefer the road less traveled, the train ride from Bangkok to Samut Songkhram is an adventure in itself. This charmingly slow route winds through local markets, mangrove forests, and fishing villages, taking about three hours with transfers via Samut Sakhon. The tracks snake so close to market stalls that at both Samut Sakhon and Samut Songkhram stations, vendors quickly clear their wares to let the train roll right through.

Catch one of the hourly departures from Bangkok’s Wongwian Yai station (just a short walk from the Skytrain). For the best connections, opt for the 5:30 am, 8:35 am, 12:15 pm, or 3:25 pm trains. Once in Samut Sakhon (Mahachai), hop on a ferry across the Maenam Tha Chin to Ban Laem, where another train completes the journey to Samut Songkhram. Along the way, you’ll glide past shimmering salt flats, sprawling prawn farms, and lush palm groves—an unforgettable glimpse of local life.

Don Hoi Lot: A Seafood Lover’s Paradise

Seafood reigns supreme in Samut Songkhram, and nowhere is this more evident than at Don Hoi Lot, a famed sandbar where locals harvest hoi lot (worm shells) at low tide. These tasty molluscs star in the region’s signature dish, hoi lot pat cha—a spicy stir-fry that’s a must-try. A cluster of waterfront restaurants here serve up fresh catches with panoramic Gulf views, making it an unmissable culinary stop. Frequent songthaews from Samut Songkhram market make getting there a breeze.

Amphawa’s Enchanting Canals & Fireflies

Amphawa is best explored by longtail boat, especially on market days when the canals hum with life. A tour (around 500 baht per boat per hour) offers glimpses of riverside homes, ancient temples, and cottage industries. But the real magic happens after sunset, when fireflies flicker like tiny lanterns in the lamphu trees. For about 60 baht per person, a boatman will guide you to these glowing wonders—best enjoyed with a small group for a better bargain. Want a quieter experience? Baan Tai Had Resort or nearby homestays can arrange off-the-beaten-path excursions.

Eng & Chang: The Original Siamese Twins

Born in 1811 in Samut Songkhram, Eng and Chang Bunker gained worldwide fame as history’s most famous conjoined twins. Joined at the chest by a small ligament (but sharing no organs), they were discovered by a Scottish trader who turned them into a global sensation. After years of exploitation, they broke free, mastering acrobatics and feats of strength that earned them the title “the eighth wonder of the world.” Later, they settled in North Carolina as American citizens, married sisters, and built a life far from their humble beginnings. Their legacy? The enduring term “Siamese twins”—proof of their indelible mark on history.

The incredible lives of Chang and Eng Bunker – the original “Siamese Twins” – remain one of history’s most fascinating medical anomalies. Born in 1811 in Samut Songkhram, Thailand, these conjoined twins (connected at the sternum) captured worldwide attention when they were “discovered” by British merchant Robert Hunter in 1824. After being exhibited as a medical curiosity across Europe and America, they eventually settled in North Carolina in 1839, where they married two local sisters, Addie and Sally Yates, and between them fathered an astonishing 21 children.

Their unusual domestic arrangement saw the families living in separate homes with the twins following a strict three-day rotation between households. Author Darin Strauss vividly imagined this peculiar living situation in his novel “Chang and Eng”. Despite being physically connected, the brothers had very different personalities, and tensions between the two families eventually led to a division of their assets – Chang’s family receiving most of the land while Eng’s kept the majority of their slaves.

Financial pressures, particularly after the devastation of the Civil War (1861-65) which wiped out much of their wealth and emancipated their slaves, forced the twins back into show business, even working with the infamous P.T. Barnum. Their final tour in 1874 was born of desperation, and tragically, when Chang died of bronchitis that same year, Eng passed away just hours later, possibly from shock. They were 62 years old.

Today, visitors can pay their respects at the twins’ North Carolina grave or visit their birthplace memorial in Samut Songkhram, where a statue and the small In-Chan Museum stand 4km north of the provincial capital on Thanon Ekachai.

Discovering Sangkhlaburi: Thailand’s Lakeside Gem

Journeying beyond Thong Pha Phum along Highway 323 reveals increasingly breathtaking scenery as the road winds through lush montane rainforest, offering stunning views of the Vajiralongkorn Reservoir before culminating 73km later at charming Sangkhlaburi (often affectionately called Sangkhla).

The town’s history is as dramatic as its landscape – the original settlement now lies submerged beneath the Khao Laem Reservoir (now called Vajiralongkorn) after the dam’s construction in the early 1980s. Today’s Sangkhla has been rebuilt at the lake’s northeastern tip, where semi-submerged trees and floating houses create a hauntingly beautiful panorama.

While the town itself boasts few major attractions, its laid-back atmosphere and picturesque lakeside accommodations make it an ideal spot to unwind. The real treasures lie in the surrounding area – traditional Mon and Karen villages, vibrant local markets, cascading waterfalls, and the remote wilderness of Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary. Weekends see an influx of Thai tourists, so visiting mid-week often means better accommodation deals and a more tranquil experience.

The Resilient Spirit of Thailand’s Mon People

Often described as “the Palestinians of Asia,” the Mon people have endured centuries of persecution while maintaining their rich cultural identity. Estimated to number between 50,000-200,000 in Thailand (primarily in western provinces and areas north of Bangkok), their journey traces back to the 1st century BC Dvaravati kingdom.

The Mon’s historical significance includes introducing Theravada Buddhism to the region and creating some of Thailand’s earliest Buddhist art and architecture. Their later migrations from Burma to Thailand tell a story of resilience, with Thai monarchs like Rama IV personally welcoming Mon refugees at the Kanchanaburi border.

Despite ongoing challenges in their Burmese homeland – including cultural suppression, human rights violations, and forced labor – the Mon have preserved their unique traditions. Their animist beliefs manifest in fascinating family spirit taboos, while festivals like Songkhran feature distinctive courtship rituals involving wooden disc bowling games.

Supporting Local Artisans at Weaving for Women

Sangkhlaburi offers meaningful opportunities to support local communities through initiatives like Weaving for Women. Established in 1989 by Karen refugees, their Hilltribe Handicrafts shop showcases exquisite hand-woven textiles in traditional mut mee designs, from vibrant tablecloths to elegant sarongs – all crafted from premium Chiang Mai cotton.

Bang Pa-In: A Royal Retreat

Just 60km north of Bangkok lies the unassuming village of Bang Pa-In, home to one of Thailand’s most extraordinary royal complexes. The extravagant Bang Pa-In Royal Palace offers visitors a glimpse into royal leisure through the centuries, with its whimsical architectural collection ranging from Chinese-style pavilions to Victorian mansions.

The site’s history dates to the 17th century when Ayutthaya’s King Prasat Thong established it as a riverside retreat, located conveniently downstream from his capital. After lying dormant during the early Bangkok period, the palace experienced a dramatic revival in the mid-19th century when steamboats made the journey from Bangkok more accessible, allowing royal visitors to enjoy this peaceful escape from city life.

Upriver from Bangkok lies Lopburi, a town where history and cultural eccentricities blend together in the most unexpected ways. It’s a place where monkeys reign supreme, Khmer architecture tells tales of the past, and an unusual banquet takes center stage every November.

Lopburi: The Monkey Kingdom

Ask any Thai about Lopburi, and the conversation will inevitably turn to its most famous residents—the macaques. These mischievous primates dominate the old town center, turning everyday life into an entertaining spectacle. Their significance runs so deep that every November, a local hotelier hosts a feast for 600 monkeys at Phra Prang Sam Yod temple, complete with full-service menus, waiters, and napkins—a quirky tradition celebrating the town’s most unconventional tourist attraction.

The Heart of Lopburi

The old part of Lopburi sits on an egg-shaped island encircled by canals and the Lopburi River. Thanon Vichayen, the bustling main street, cuts through the town, passing historic landmarks, a lively market, and the train tracks—where the monkeys often make unexpected appearances. Most of Lopburi’s key attractions are within walking distance of the train station, making it easy to explore.

A Journey Through Time

Originally known as Lavo, Lopburi is one of Thailand’s oldest continuously inhabited towns, tracing its roots back to the Mon civilization in the sixth century. It later became part of the Khmer Empire before regaining independence and eventually serving as a secondary capital under King Narai in the 17th century. Centuries later, King Rama IV used it for the same purpose, valuing its inland safety from European powers. Today, Lopburi thrives as a military hub with a deep historical legacy.

Wat Phra Phutthabat: The Sacred Footprint

A short trip outside Lopburi leads to one of central Thailand’s most revered pilgrimage sites—Wat Phra Phutthabat. Legend says that a miraculous deer led a hunter to discover a footprint believed to belong to the Buddha himself, miraculously curing his ailments. Today, visitors climb an ornate staircase to a golden-canopied shrine where pilgrims leave offerings of gold leaf and coins. The temple becomes especially vibrant during the Festival of the Holy Footprint, when thousands gather to pay homage.

Si Satchanalai: Sukhothai’s Hidden Gem

Further north, the ancient city of Si Satchanalai—a UNESCO-listed historical park—boasts beautifully preserved ruins with a serene atmosphere, free from the crowds of Sukhothai. Nearby, the riverside Wat Chalieng and the centuries-old Sangkhalok pottery kilns offer a glimpse into Thailand’s artistic heritage.

Kamphaeng Phet: The Forgotten Fortress

Further south, the ruins of Kamphaeng Phet stand as a quiet testament to Thailand’s shifting powers during the Sukhothai and Ayutthaya eras. Less frequented than nearby historical parks, its weathered Buddha statues and scenic riverside setting offer an almost mystical experience for history lovers.

From mischievous monkeys to sacred footprints and forgotten ruins, Lopburi and its surroundings weave together history, spirituality, and a touch of absurdity—making it an unforgettable stop on Thailand’s cultural trail.

Nestled amidst Thailand’s northern hills, Mae Sot stands as a vibrant crossroads where cultures collide. Just a stone’s throw from the Burmese border, this lively town pulses with a fascinating blend of Thai, Karen, Hmong, and Burmese influences. While gem traders haggle over precious stones in the bustling markets, the scent of authentic Burmese curries wafts from street-side eateries, tempting visitors to linger a little longer.

Discovering Mae Sot: Thailand’s Cultural Melting Pot

What makes Mae Sot truly special isn’t found in grand monuments or famous landmarks, but in its everyday rhythms. Wander through the streets and you’ll hear a dozen languages, see shopkeepers displaying their wares in traditional longyi skirts, and taste flavors that transport you across the border. The short trip to the frontier market offers a glimpse into the cross-border trade that sustains the region, where everything from teakwood to colorful textiles changes hands.

Many travelers use Mae Sot as a jumping-off point for adventures further south to Umphang, though the town deserves at least a night’s stay to properly appreciate its unique character. Don’t forget to exchange money here if heading to Umphang – you won’t find banks or currency exchanges in that remote region.

A Town With Heart: Helping Mae Sot’s Burmese Community

Beyond its commercial facade, Mae Sot serves as a crucial lifeline for thousands of Burmese refugees. The town has become home to numerous humanitarian organizations, most notably the remarkable Mae Tao Clinic. Founded by Dr. Cynthia, a Karen refugee who has received international acclaim for her work, the clinic provides essential medical care to over 150,000 people annually. Visitors inspired by this work can contribute through donations or volunteering – ask at Ban Thai guesthouse or Borderline shop for ways to get involved.

The clinic’s impact extends far beyond its walls, training mobile medical teams that venture deep into Burma’s conflict zones. They also run schools for refugee children, offering education that might otherwise be unavailable.

The Karen People: A Story of Resilience

Mae Sot’s refugee community primarily consists of Karen people, an ethnic group that has faced generations of persecution in Burma. Despite being Burma’s largest minority, the Karen have endured systematic oppression since the country’s independence in 1948. Their hoped-for autonomy never materialized, replaced instead by violent crackdowns that continue today, despite recent ceasefires.

Thailand’s delicate position as a host country creates complex challenges. Without formal refugee status, many Karen migrants live in constant vulnerability, often working dangerous jobs for meager wages far below Thailand’s minimum. Their situation reflects the broader struggles faced by the estimated 2-3 million Burmese migrants currently in Thailand.

Journey to Umphang: Thailand’s Remote Paradise

For those seeking adventure beyond Mae Sot, the winding road to Umphang offers breathtaking mountain vistas worth the bumpy four-hour songthaew ride. This tiny village, home to just a thousand residents, feels like the edge of the world – surrounded by dense jungle and fed by rushing rivers. While Umphang has gained recognition among thrill-seekers for its whitewater rafting and jungle treks, simply being in this remote corner of Thailand makes for an unforgettable experience.